Planets Vocabulary Chart
This table lists the eight planets of the solar system with vocabulary and related facts and figures.
| planet | posi- tion from Sun |
distance from Sun (km) | diameter (km) | type | position within solar system | time to orbit around Sun | visible to naked eye from Earth? | when discovered | god | super- lative(s) |
adjective | demonym (name of fictional inhabitant) | moons |
| Mercury | 1 | 58,000,000 | 4,879 | terrestrial planets | inner planets | 88 days | yes | unknown | Mercurius, Roman messenger god | smallest planet, closest to Sun, fastest | Mercurian | a Mercurian | 0 |
| Venus | 2 | 108,000,000 | 12,104 | 225 days | yes | unknown | Venus, Roman goddess of love and beauty | brightest, hottest | Venusian | a Venusian | 0 | ||
| Earth | 3 | 150,000,000 | 12,756 | 365 days | n/a | unknown | none | (supports life) | earthly terrestrian |
an Earthling a Terrestrian |
1 | ||
| Mars | 4 | 228,000,000 | 6,794 | 697 days | yes | unknown | Mars, Roman god of war |
largest volcano (Olympus Mons) | Martian | a Martian | 2 | ||
| Jupiter | 5 | 778,000,000 | 142,984 | gas giants | outer planets | 11.6 years | yes | unknown | Iuppiter, Iovis, Jovis Pater, Roman king of the gods |
largest planet, most moons, largest moon (Ganymede) | Jovian | a Jovian | 76 + RS |
| Saturn | 6 | 1,427,000,000 | 120,536 | 29.46 years | yes | unknown | Saturnus, Roman god of agriculture and time |
biggest ring system, lightest planet in weight |
Saturnian | a Saturnian | 20 + RS | ||
| Uranus | 7 | 2,870,000,000 | 51,118 | ice giants | 84 years | no | 1781 | Ouranos, Greek god of the sky |
coldest planet, rotates on its side |
Uranian | a Uranian | 27 + RS | |
| Neptune | 8 | 4,497,000,000 | 49,528 | 165 years | no | 1846 | Neptunus, Roman god of the sea |
furthest from Sun; slowest; highest sustained wind speeds |
Neptunian | a Neptunian | 14 + RS |
RS = ring system